Poland lost its independence as a result of three partitions by Russia, Prussia and Austria in 1772, 1793 and 1795, disappearing from the map of Europe for 123 years. The final collapse in 1795 occurred after the failure of the Kościuszko Uprising, and was caused by internal weakness, rivalry between great powers, and interference from foreign states. The key stages of the loss of independence are as follows: First Partition (1772): Russia, Prussia, and Austria, taking advantage of the internal conflict (Bar Confederation), seized part of the Commonwealth's lands. Second Partition (1793): After the war in defense of the Constitution of May 3, Russia and Prussia carried out another partition, reducing Poland to a small area. Third Partition (1795): After the failure of the Kościuszko Uprising, on October 24, 1795, the three powers signed a treaty that finally divided the remaining Polish territory. Abdication: On November 25, 1795, the last king of Poland, Stanisław August Poniatowski, was forced to abdicate.

After 123 years of partitions, Poland was restored to the map.

Józef Piłsudski played a key, even symbolic, role in Poland regaining its independence in 1918 and in consolidating its borders. His contribution can be divided into military, political, and diplomatic activities.

Creating an Armed Force for Independence: Before and during World War I, he founded the Polish Legions (and rifle organizations), which became the nucleus of the Polish Army. Crossing the border of the Russian Partition in 1914, he sought to incite an uprising and demonstrate his desire for sovereignty. Symbol of Return and Seizure of Power (November 1918): After being released from prison in Magdeburg, he returned to Warsaw on November 10, 1918. On November 11, the Regency Council transferred military authority to him, and soon also civil authority, thus becoming the first Chief of State. International Notification of the State (November 16, 1918): Piłsudski sent a telegram to the great powers, announcing the existence of an independent Polish State, which was the official signal to the world that Poland had returned to the map. Building the Foundations of Independence: As Chief of State and Commander-in-Chief, Piłsudski began the process of consolidating the divided lands and forming the Polish Army. The Battle for the Borders (War for the Eastern Border): He was the main strategist in the battles for the final shape of the new Poland's borders, including the war with the Bolsheviks, which was crucial for the survival of the state.

sorry i had to use translator since im not so good at english in writing. just speaking is no prob ;x

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