I will present this in a point-by-point manner with the author's name of the study and the study's name in bold after the information.


Abstract. Surface brightness data can distinguish between a Friedman-Robertson-Walker expanding universe and a non-expanding universe. For surface brightness measured in AB magnitudes per angular area, all FRW models, regardless of cosmological parameters, predict that surface brightness declines with redshift as (z+1)-3, while any non-expanding model predicts that surface brightness is constant with distance and thus with z. High-z UV surface brightness data for galaxies from the Hubble Ultra Deep Field and low-z data from GALEX are used to test the predictions of these two models up to z=6. A preliminary analysis presented here of samples observed at the same at-galaxy wavelengths in the UV shows that surface brightness is constant, μ =kz0.026+ 0.15, consistent with the non-expanding model. This relationship holds if distance is linearly proportional to z at all redshifts, but seems insensitive to the particular choice of d-z relationship. Attempts to reconcile the data with FRW predictions by assuming that high-z galaxies have intrinsically higher surface brightness than low-z galaxies appear to face insurmountable problems. The intrinsic FUV surface brightness required by the FRW models for high-z galaxies exceeds the maximum FUV surface brightness of any low-z galaxy by as much as a factor of 40. Dust absorption appears to make such extremely high intrinsic FUV surface brightness physically impossible. If confirmed by further analysis, the impossibility of such high-μ galaxies would rule out all FRW expanding universe (big bang) models.
Evidence for a Non-Expanding Universe: Surface Brightness Data From HUDF - Eric J. Lerner



One of the problems with CMB theory is that IF it is the
most distant thing we can see, (a remnant of the Big Bang)
then we should observe the silhouettes of galaxy clusters and
other major cosmic structures imposed on this image, which
we do not:
Lieu R, Mittaz JPD, Zhang S-N. The sunyaev-zel'dovich effect in a
sample of 31 clusters: a comparison between the x-ray predicted
and wmap observed cosmic microwave background temperature
decrement. Astrophys J 2006; 648: 176-99.

Radio astronomy data now reveals that what astronomers
call CMB radiation from the far edge of the visible universe,
is actually likely to be electromagnetic noise occurring in our
own cosmic neighborhood. Electric currents flowing in
plasma naturally generate radio noise right across the spectrum,
so the CMB could well be a type of local 'radio fog'

Where plasma double layers form in space 'radio noise'
increases, thereby giving the appearance of a relative 'hot
spot' which astronomers have tended to interpret in exotic
ways, such as pulsars, mysterious x-ray sources, neutron
stars, quasars, etc. but which are in fact quite understandable
by considering the effects of plasma interaction. Electromagnetic
hot spots 'strangely' match the pattern of measured
temperature hot spots in the most detailed mappings of the
CMB:

Lerner EJ. Radio Absorption by the intergalactic medium. Astrophys
J 1990; 361: 63-8.

Verschuur GL. High galactic latitude interstellar neutral hydrogen
structure and associated (wmap) high-frequency continuum emission.
Astrophys J 2007; 671(1): 447-57.

In 2000 Verschuur, with leading plasma physicist Anthony
Peratt, used the concept of critical ionization velocity
(CIV), first introduced by Alfvén, to explain neutral hydrogen
(HI) emission from gas in the local interstellar environment.
“An effective means for producing CIV in interstellar
space involves the relatively little known plasma phenomenon
in space called the Marklund convection mechanism”
[29].
The authors conclude, “a striking coincidence has been
discovered between radiotelescope measurements of HI
emission linewidths in the vicinity of interstellar neutral hydrogen
filaments at high galactic latitudes and the critical
ionization velocities of the most abundant atomic species in
interstellar space, thereby revealing nature’s signature of
CIV” [30].
When the higher resolution WMAP results were published, Verschuur’s predicted offsets of the WMAP hotspots from the EEFs were supported. He modestly concluded, “...it may be difficult to rule out the possibility that some if not all
of the small-scale structure usually attributed to the cosmic microwave background may have a galactic origin”
[29] Marklund, GT. Plasma Convection in Force-Free Magnetic Fields
as a Mechanism for Chemical Separation in Cosmical Plasmas. Nature
1979; 277: 370.
[30] Peratt AL. Verschuur GL. Observation of the CIV Effect in Interstellar
Clouds: a Speculation on the Physical Mechanism for their
Existence. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci 2000; 28: 2122-7.
Outrageous statements such as “Pulsars are almost perfect spheres made up of neutrons and contain more mass than the sun in an object only 10 km in radius” are presented as facts with no empirical support other than a complex, rapidly pulsating signal. Meanwhile, plasma scientists have been able to model such complex signals as transmission line oscillations in a normal stellar magnetosphere, triggered by arc discharges. Their results “support the 'planetary magnetosphere' view where the extent of the magnetosphere, not emission points on a rotating surface, determines the pulsar emission” [20]
Healy KR, Peratt AL. Radiation properties of pulsar magnetospheres:
observation, theory, and experiment. Astrophys Space Sci
1995; 227: 229-53.

Galaxies are not distributed randomly throughout space but are instead arranged in an intricate "cosmic web" of filaments and walls surrounding bubble-like voids. There is still no compelling observational evidence of a link between the structure of the cosmic web and how galaxies form within it. However, such a connection is expected on the basis of our understanding of the origin of galaxy angular momentum: disk galaxies should be highly inclined relative to the plane defined by the large-scale structure surrounding them. Using the two largest galaxy redshift surveys currently in existence (2dFGRS and SDSS), we show at the 99.7% confidence level that these alignments do indeed exist: spiral galaxies located on the shells of the largest cosmic voids have rotation axes that lie preferentially on the void surface.
Trujillo I, Carretero C, Patiri SG. Detection of the Effect of Cosmological
Large-Scale Structure on the Orientation of Galaxies. ApJ
Lett 2006; 640(2): L111.


We introduce and study two new concepts which are essential for the quantitative
analysis of the statistical quality of the available galaxy samples. These are the dilution
effect and the small scale fluctuations. We show that the various data that are
considered as pointing to a homogenous distribution are all affected by these spurious
effects and their interpretation should be completely changed. In particular, we
show that finite size effects strongly affect the determination of the galaxy number
counts, namely the number versus magnitude relation (N(< m)) as computed from
the origin. When one computes N(< m) averaged over all the points of a redshift
survey one observes an exponent α = D/5  0.4 compatible with the fractal dimension
D  2 derived from the full correlation analysis. Instead the observation
of an exponent α  0.6 at relatively small scales, where the distribution is certainly
not homogeneous, is shown to be related to finite size effects. We conclude therefore
that the observed counts correspond to a fractal distribution with dimension
D  2 in the entire range 12  < m  < 28, that is to say the largest scales ever probed
for luminous matter. In addition our results permit to clarify various problems of
the angular catalogs, and to show their compatibility with the fractal behavior. We
consider also the distribution of Radio-galaxies, Quasars and γ ray burst, and we
show their compatibility with a fractal structure with D  1.6 ÷ 1.8. Finally we
have established a quantitative criterion that allows us to define and predict the
statistical validity of a galaxy catalog (angular or three dimensional).
Finite size effects on the galaxy number counts: evidence
for fractal behavior up to the deepest scale
F. Sylos Labini a,b,c, A. Gabrielli a, M. Montuori a,b,d and
L. Pietronero a,b

And to prove that Redshift != Distance.

Arp discovered, by taking photographs through the big telescopes, that many pairs of quasars (quasi-stellar objects) which have extremely high redshift z values (and are therefore thought to be receding from us very rapidly - and thus must be located at a great distance from us) are physically associated with galaxies that have low redshift and are known to be relatively close by. Arp has photographs of many pairs of high redshift quasars that are symmetrically located on either side of what he suggests are their parent, low redshift galaxies. These pairings occur much more often than the probabilities of random placement would allow. Mainstream astrophysicists try to explain away Arp's observations of connected galaxies and quasars as being "illusions" or "coincidences of apparent location". But, the large number of physically associated quasars and low red shift galaxies that he has photographed and cataloged defies that evasion. It simply happens too often

Because of Arp's photos, the assumption that high red shift objects have to be very far away - on which the "Big Bang" theory and all of "accepted cosmology" is based - is proven to be wrong! The Big Bang theory is therefore falsified.

Why doesn't every other astrophysicist know this stuff then?

tl;dr

IDK. Seriously, I really don't know. I think because their funding and teaching are full of the big bang, and the media perpetuates it, so it's not really questioned. And if it is questioned, then it usually ends up with them losing their jobs. Halton Arp worked at a telescope, and they practically fired him because he published what he did about redshift != distance.

I'm not in the right frame of mind thanks to these whiskey and cokes.

Tacked the thread and I will check it out when my head clears.

I just typed the first author you posted into wikipedia

"Lerner's criticisms of the Big Bang theory have been rejected by physicists and cosmologists who have reviewed his book. The size of superclusters is a feature that has been limited by subsequent observations to the end of greatness and explained in the astronomical journals as arising from a power spectrum of density fluctuations growing from the quantum fluctuations predicted in inflationary models.[18][19][20] Anisotropies were discovered in subsequent analysis of the both COBE and BOOMERanG experiments and were more fully characterized by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe.[18][19]"

Lerners book is outdated, but no one has proven him wrong on the study I have shown by him.

This post was edited by AEtheric on Mar 20 2012 07:45pm

no ones proven him right either

and that second paragraph you posted from lerner was from 1990, a year before his book; so chances are it was in his book and rejected by physicists and cosmologists

I really don't care if physicists and cosmologists have rejected it. They reject everything that is against the big bang. Duh.