I'm not sure there exists a "brief" explanation of hyperreal numbers. In fact, it's tough to figure out what "real" numbers are. Our mathematics is on a rather precarious cusp.
Formally speaking, real numbers are those that are countably continuous, and form a complete Archimedian field. The notion of hyperreal formality allows that field to expand and encompass fields involving infinitely large and infinitesimal numbers. It's the basic building block for all forms of non-standard arithmetical analysis.
If it involves numbers we can't possibly comprehend except by pure abstraction, then it probably involves hyperreals.