Quote (PerfectFlame @ 21 Mar 2011 18:13)
None of my teachers could explain this. Does anyone want to enlighten me?
I'm interested in both the theory behind it, real life applications, and ways you think it can be done in the future. Thanks
The second law of thermodynamics states nothing is created and nothing is destroyed: there is an equilibrium in the universe despite the disparate changes in matter through various physical processes. Atrophy and entropy are two ends of this equilibrium, as tools maintaining a sort of grand-scale homeostasis in the universe (as we can perceive/explain it). This is called "the conservation of energy." In other words, the entire universe is held at a constant energy level of zero.
Given this, energy and mass are two arms of the same body, each in different forms. When mass is accelerated, an equal amount of energy is required to provoke this acceleration. In other words, Einstein's famous equation describes the amount of energy (E) required to accelerate an object (M, or mass) to a given unit of measurement. What this means is, when you hold a rock in your hand, the energy is stored in a very compact fashion (called "potential energy"). If you want to release all the energy into what we consider useful (called "kinetic energy"), you must create an atomic reaction (within the object, the rock in this example). So, using Einstein's equation, we see we can "harvest" the potential energy in the rock by converting the mass of the object to energy. The amount of energy released is extremely higher than we observe in the potential energy of the rock sitting in the hand. The energy released (E) is equal to the mass (M) of the rock times the speed of light (186,000 miles per second) squared. As you can see, this energy, when released, is much higher than the small object in your hand. This is why a simple fusion reaction, in the sun for example, from just one tiny hydrogen atom, releases enough energy to travel millions of miles in space to reach our earth as light (photons are both particles and waves, demonstrating the dual nature of matter and energy).