The wikipedia entry that cialda posted is the conceptual example commonly thought of now. However, Heisenberg originally came up with his 'uncertainty principle' to explain the particle-wave duality of electrons.
It is theorized that electrons exist simultaneously as a particle and a wave, evidenced by the various properties of electrons.
The wave nature can be tested by aiming an electron beam at a surface with two parallel slits in it. If the beam is calibrated to project only a single electron, a wave-interference pattern will still appear on a film on the opposite side of the surface, indicating that a single electron can "split up", travel through both slits, and interfere with itself; demonstrating the properties of a wave.
If a laser is added to the apparatus in such a way that it illuminates the electron as it nears the slits in the surface, the electron will not split up and interfere with itself. Instead, it merely goes through one slit and behaves as an ordinary particle.
In other words, with the first setup you can only observe the wave nature of the electron, and with the second setup (laser added) you can only observe the particle nature. The electron will not demonstrate the behavior of a particle and wave simultaneously!
Based on the experiment, he (Heisenberg) suggested that while the particle and wave nature of electrons could be observed seperately, they could never be observed simultaneously. So basically, Heisenberg proved that the nature of an objects existence can be changed by observing it. I.e. if an electron is observed as a wave, it IS a wave. If it is observed as a particle, it IS a particle.
This theory also holds true for a particle's mass and velocity. The more accurately you know one quantity, the less accurately you know the other quantity.
Does this clear it up at all? I'd suggest googling "shrodinger's cat" if you want an easy to understand metaphorical example.
p.s. I'd like to note that this did NOT come from google... this is the result of studying hard in university
This post was edited by bingbat01 on Nov 13 2009 03:27am