throwing weapons have a hidden durability parameter, that drains with melee attacks at the same rate as normal weapons. Each time the durability reaches 0, it resets to max durability and you lose 1 quantity.
barbarians regain throwing quantity on any critical strike or deadly strike. This means that if you stack 100% deadly strike on a barbarian, you cannot lose quantity and can safely recharge a weapon with 1 quantity remaining. So weapons with DS on them can reach 100% pretty easily. But if you aren't starting at exactly 1 quantity, its pretty impossible to lose throwing quantity on a barb with highlords alone, given the respective rates
highlords + gores + gillhat + lance guard at level 99 puts you at up to 87% deadly strike, using max mastery, peace armor, 2x soj, arachs, 9x mastery skillers, torch/anni/bc results in 51% critical strike (the skill) and 33% crit mastery and 62% chance not to use quantity. Which should result in a 95.73% chance to get +1 quantity, 2.65% chance for +0 quantity and 1.62% chance for -1 quantity.