http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22106173

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24595306

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24602091



Also, do anyone have any studies (or if you just know it) on the effect of betaine (TMG) compared to/combined with other ergogenic supplements (creatine mainly).

"Resistance exercise load does not determine training-mediated hypertrophic gains in young men"

http://jap.physiology.org/content/113/1/71.full.pdf?sid=ad98423b-d2a9-4baf-948b-602a5881de1b

"Acute Post-Exercise Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis Is Not Correlated with Resistance Training-Induced Muscle Hypertrophy in Young Men"

http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0089431#abstract0

Hopefully some of this helps

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/21744011/
- betaine vs creatine vs betaine + creatine

http://www.jissn.com/content/10/1/39
In this one, a nice bit of info on mechanisms:

"Betaine is actively taken up by skeletal muscle during periods of stress, and may be ergogenic as an osmolyte by protecting sensitive metabolic pathways against cellular hypertonicity such as protein turnover, amino acid and ammonia metabolism, pH regulation, and gene expression. Specifically, betaine maintains cellular hydration to protect myosin ATPase and myosin heavy chain proteins against denaturation by urea. Moreover, the affinity of troponin for Ca 2+ , and thus force production, is negatively affected by reductions in protein hydration."

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/22976217/

And this study suggests it will increase GH and IGF levels, and increases akt expression and potentiates those anabolic molecular signalers akt and p70s6k.

So, it seems to have the ability to increase anabolic hormones/signal transduction and may have osmo-regulatory effects.

It seems though, at best, it has a chance to decrease proteolysis/catabolism, and probably won't add much in the way of anabolism.

Thanks alot m8!

So are hormonal factors in concurrence with metabolic fatigue more important than mechanical tension?

If so, does that clarify an importance for a pretty decently sized TUT?

1st link is great, but the 2nd link doesn't work for me.

didnt work for me either

http://www.exercisebiology.com/index.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.plosone.org%2Farticle%2Finfo%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0089431

If this doesn't work, just google what I quoted (the study title) and it'll pop up first

I was just curious as to how weed/THC increase hunger so I thought I'd share lol

It seems that thc profoundly increased ghrelin levels.
Also, THC directly stimulates hypothalamic AMPK which increases hunger, and is how ghrelin and hunger hormonal effects are mediated.
It also seems the endocannabinoid system is actually essential for ghrelin mediated ampk activation and hunger promotion.
Ergo, the system seems to be augmented by one another, which explains the munchies being ravenous and paroxysmal

THC also increases leptin quite a bit, but leptin has no true bearing on acute satiety anyway (that's more CCK activating vagal afferents), so lack of satiety makes sense

Pretty interesting I suppose lol