Patch is apprently live!
Remember that these are the Early & Incomplete Patch Notes, but occasionally things are translated wrong, and sometimes a bunch of things are omitted. I will tag them with "confirmed" as we find out.
http://www.dualshockers.com/2015/05/23/ps4-exclusive-bloodbornes-patch-1-04-detailed-dlc-details-coming-after-e3/Password matching can now be done regardless of level.Password matching can now be done even if registered to a different oath.Quicksilver bullets and blood vials can now be stored up to 600 (the previous limit was 99) in the storage in Hunter’s Dream. [confirmed: screenshot]Weapons and hunter tools have been tweaked, it will be mostly buffs.
A bug of the Rifle Spear has been fixed.
A bug with Blood Gem Imprints has been fixed.
Boss rewards in the Chalice Dungeons will be improved, they will now drop blood gems randomly.
Chalice dungeons will now include Blood Stone Shards at Depth 1, Twin Blood Stone Shards at Depth 2, Twin Blood Stone Shards and Blood Stone Chunks at Depth 3, Blood Stone Chunks at Depth 4 and Blood Stone Chunks and Blood Rocks at Depth 5.
Unannounced Changes
Bear in mind that I have not personally verified all of these. For anything without linked confirmation, follow the source for more info or discussion.
Buff to Beasthood gain, includes buff to Beast Blood Pellet [source 1, source 2]
Insight vendor now initially appears with 1 insight gained instead of 10. You can also go back down to 0 and they will remain. [confirmed: 0 insight, 1st insight w/ new character]
You can now buy chunks from the insight vendor for 30 insight. [confirmed: picture]
However, "You may need to progress in the game or get an item to buy Chunks from the Insight Vendor. Just checked in NG+ after killing Cleric Beast, not a damn thing." [source]
The Short Root Chalice is now available from the Insight vendor for 10 insight. The reported requirement is simply beating the very fist Depth 1 Chalice you get after defeating the Blood Starved Beast. [source]
A Call beyond and Old Hunter's Bone have had their QS Bullet consumption reduced by one. [source]
Bath Messengers now sell Uncanny and Lost variants of weapons if you've at least picked them up once from a Chalice Dungeon. They are the same price as the normal version of the weapon. [source]
There are impressions of various tweaks to stamina usage, like certain weapons possibly using less stamina. In particular, the Kirkhammer and Logarius wheel are mentioned in the Japanese patch notes.
Things that were NOT touched
Sewer/Central Yharnam Skip untouched, Old Yharnam Jump untouched, and Forbidden Woods OoB untouched. [source]
Bold for THANK YOU