1.It is commonly said that local government is in trouble in California. What specific problems of governance do local governments face? Explain why they might not be well suited to handle these challenges.

2. One of the main purposes of elections in a democracy is for the voters to be able to hold elected officials accountable for their actions in office. Do the rules that govern elections in America and California perform this function well? Why or why not? Explain how and in what way specific aspects of our electoral system enhance and/or detract from such accountability. Give examples of at least three relevant electoral rules and/or procedures.

3. The California proposition system represents an element of direct democracy
in our otherwise largely representative system. How do propositions work? Explain why some regard them as a negative feature in the state’s political system. Do you agree with this assessment? Explain why or why not.

4. Compare and contrast the different judicial philosophies regarding the establishment clause. Based on your understanding of the Constitution and how it should be interpreted which do you believe to be the best one? Explain why.

5. Alexander Hamilton called the courts "the least dangerous branch." What did he mean by that? In light of the judicial review powers assumed by the courts over time, is his description still valid? Why or why not?


1. Describe the fundamental principles and requirements of a modern representative democratic system. Is the American political system democratic? How well do you feel this country does in meeting those principles and requirements? Explain why and be specific in doing so.

2. Pluralism is the belief that democratic values can be preserved where multiple, competing groups determine public policy through bargaining and competition and voters exercise meaningful choices in elections. Is this a valid view of how American politics work? What evidence is there to support this view and to what extent do you believe it is justified?

3. A classic definition of democracy is “rule by the ruled.” Examine the influence of the general public over the policy decisions of the government. How responsive is the government to public opinion? In what situations and/or times is it the most responsive and when is it the least? Fully explain your response.