i have 125 fg and i dont play d2 anymore and have no use for the fg. anyway i need help answering 2 of the 5 questions i ask. please can someone help me. ill reward you, but i need the right answer not some bs. anyway just 2 of the 5 questions need to be answered.

1. I am an electron in a molecule of water. Describe the journey I will take to arrive at the Calvin cycle in a C4 plant and how I contribute to the production of glucose. Also describe the path of CO2 from the environment through the C4 Calvin Cycle to produce glucose.


2. I am a polymer of glucose molecules. Describe the journey I will take to through the body to produce the carbon dioxide you exhale. Also describe the path of hydrogen atoms through cellular respiration.


3. You are a cell that has just passed the G1 checkpoint and have been given the signal to divide. The first step in cell division is the replication of DNA. Describe how DNA replication occurs. If there is a mistake in DNA replication, describe any proofreading or repair mechanisms that can be utilized.


4. You need to beef up for a weight lifting competition. Your trainer has given you an all-natural supplement that mimics certain hormones in the body to produce more muscle tissue. Describe how this supplement will get your body to produce more muscle tissue in terms of signaling, gene expression, transcription, translation, and post-translational modifications.


5. You have been recruited by the military to engineer a virus containing a vaccine. You have been told that in the event of a bio warfare attack that the government wants the ability to inoculate the entire country with the vaccine in 3 to 4 days. The government wants to employ a widespread viral vaccination protocol as there are many populations in the US who are resistant to getting vaccinated and it would take too much time and resources to mobilize an effective prevention campaign. Using what you have learned about viruses, describe which type of virus you would use and explain why.

I am a proton that will bud pinto a beautiful flower...Lol jk...

The aerobic cellular respiration equation is C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 or 38 ATP

We are using glucose + oxygen to "create" carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP)


I'm not sure the level of class you're taking so I'll just provide a general outline

cell respiration begins with glucose

in a process called glycolysis one molecule of glucose is broken down into pyruvate

pyruvate can take one of two steps here

1) continue with respiration (aerobic or anaerobic)
2) undergo fermentation and produce carbon dioxide + ethanol OR lactic acid

if we continue with (1) we undergo the "acetyl CoA step"

where acetyl CoA + CO2 are produced

acetyl CoA then goes through the Krebs cyle

one turn of the Krebs makes 3 NADH, 2 CO2, 1 FADH2, and 1 ATP

the electron transport system (ETS which is unique to aerobic / anerobic respiration in other words, fermentation does NOT use it) uses electrons from NADH / FADH2 to power it

ETS in turn directly powers ATP synthase which is responsible for "converting" ADP into ATP

electrons from NADH (NADH -> NAD+ + H+) "jump" from cell to cell in a sort of cascade

this energy pumps H+ ions out of the cell (this pumping is called chemiosmosis)

H+ cells come back down a gradient and turn ATP synthase

theres an animation here

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter25/animation__electron_transport_system_and_atp_synthesis__quiz_1_.html

Don't reaally understand the virus question.

are you developing a vaccine for an existing virus or an "imaginary" virus?

Right after G1 phase S begins which is DNA replication. the goal here is to make two identical copies

1) double stranded DNA (dsDNA) is "unzipped" (remember double helix) by the enzyme helicase


2) another enzyme, DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to growing DNA. this "new" strand is complementary

3) replication fork is where the two strands of DNA are separated and new DNA synthesis is occuring
3a) this happens in the nucleus of eukaryotes and inthe cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells

4) ligase enzyme "glues" together pieces of DNA

again, not sure about the depth of your class but it has to glue it together due to the complementary nature of the lagging strand

the lagging strand "copy" will "run out of space" and need to be cut to "make more space"

you can read / learn more about lagging strands by looking up okazaki fragments

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/DNA_replication_en.svg/691px-DNA_replication_en.svg.png



theres 1982740918274 failsafes that you can pick from but heres one

DNA polymerase has the ability to detect nucleotide mismatches using exonuclease activity. A always pairs with T and C always pairs with G

say A accidentally pairs with C or G, DNA polymerase has the ability to "go backwards" and cut out the wrong base pair (C or G)

this animation here is helpful to organize your thoughts before the test

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072943696/student_view0/chapter3/animation__dna_replication__quiz_1_.html

thanks for all of your help, im in basic college biology. and i have no idea what number 5 is asking about lol. im overwhelmed for finals studying so i dont really have time to answer these questions. haha

you want a non-lethal virus which can easily spread and thereby inoculate the country
so the aim is to find a virus with the following feature:

- non-lethal with minimum negative effects on people
- spreading quickly, ie has a very short incubation time
- can be easily modified to carry the vaccine

thank you guys for all your help. Wish me luck on finals tomorrow!

Holy crap so I will have to learn this stuff next year.

Looks difficult.