Going to add this part now.
Maybe when this gets reposted, I can fix it later
Adding these to the MMR question
Q) I used to be gaining 20 league points and losing 14 just two games ago. But now I'm gaining 5-7 per win and losing 8-9. What's going on?
A) There are two possibilities.
1) League Point clamping. This is a system derived by Riot that makes ALL division 1 games hard to climb. Since demotion from tiers are impossible, Riot wants to make sure that you deserve to be in the next tier. The climb in division 1 is often a tedious climb. Losing more LP per game than gaining LP per game is very common.
Click here for more information
http://na.leagueoflegends.com/board/showthread.php?p=34279814#342798142) LP gain and loss is also determined by overall team MMR. If the MMR on your team is higher than the enemy team, your team will gain less LP per win and lose more LP per loss. Vice versa, if the enemy team has higher MMR, you will gain more LP per win and lose less per loss.
Q) When I first started ranked, I was gaining a massive 20-30 per win AND losing 20-30 per loss. Now I'm in the single digits. Why?
A) Placement matches + first 50 games. Just like previous seasons, you gain and lose more elo (now league points) in your first 50 games. Some players may experience 30 LP gains even in division 1 games due to this. After you have many games played, the league points will settle and you will fluctuate on a lesser scale.
Q) What's the highest rank I could come out of my placement matches?
A) The highest you can be placed (10-0) is Silver I
if you did not play ranked last season. If you were Gold, Platinum, or Diamond last season, it's very possible to be placed in Gold, Platinum, or Diamond depending on how well you play in your placement matches.
Q) How many games do you need to fall from Silver III to Silver IV?
A) Games needed to be demoted depends on your MMR. If your MMR is low, it can take just 1 loss to be demoted. If your MMR is high, it can take others 3-4 losses to be demoted. As a rule of thumb, consider 3 losses to be the magic number.
Q) How can you raise your MMR and what is it based on?
A) There are 2 main factors it's based off of
1) Wins. Quite obvious that winning will raise your MMR.
2) How difficult your match up is. If your opponents have an overall higher average MMR, you will raise your MMR little faster. Likewise, if your opponents have a lower average MMR, you will raise your MMR little slower
But since you can't control that, the only real factor here is winning. That will always raise your MMR no matter what.