Jesus paid the price for all of our sins, once and for all. Truth be told it isn't that easy because you need to maintain your faith. People will come along and try to draw you away from God.
What Jesus is saying when he talks about cutting out your right hand and eye is this. If you are playing a computer game online and it causes you to cry and rage everytime you die then you should uninstall that game because it is causing you to sin. Also, if you go out clubbing where there are pole dancers etc. and it causes you to do God knows what then pluck out clubbing from your life as it is causing you to sin.
There is no paying for your sins because Jesus paid that price for us. With Matthew 17, just look at this link as it explains that story.
http://www.atone.me/the-temple-tax-matthew-1724-27/ Well the punishment for sin is death. We have all sinned and we will all pay that price of death in the body. However, the gift of life is spiritual and eternal. The wages of sin is death, that part we will pay for. However the punishment for sin is eternal separation from God i.e. Hell. We all deserve that but as Jesus paid that price for us we no longer need to worry about the punishment for sin. Now the guilt in life when you do the wrong thing, you think God doesn't love you as much or you have a picture of you looking down and a massive finger pointing at you in judgement.
That so called finger is the Devil trying to separate you from God.