To someone who is new to the game, I'm trying to figure the worth of all these orbs.

Currency changes so try visiting the early access trade section to browse for currencies

hope it helps

Saw this one somewhere, hope it helps get an idea. For the worth side yeah go for the trade section, prices vary a lot.

Transmutation - Common
Augmentation - Common
Alchemy - Uncommon
Exalted - Uncommon
Regal - Uncommon
Jeweler's - Uncommon
Chaos - Rare
Vaal - Rare
Annulment - Rare
Divine - Very Rare
Mirror of Kalandra - Astronomically rare