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Does the totality of what you will learn/do at a job majorly impact whether or not you want to work there?
it's a mix of factors. pay, environment, location, work, networking, etc. if something is a negative, you need extra compensation in the other factors.
i would be unlikely to join a company doing cobol/fortran unless they offered some serious compensation.
especially for your first job, work experience is important. if you graduated college in CS and have 10 years experience digging ditches or being a QA, it'll be hard to get a decent programming job.
how long you spend there and your background is another issue. if you already have 10 years of java experience, taking a 6 month or 1 year gig in something obscure isn't going to hurt you. or if you're gonna spend your entire career there, that's fine too.
the company i joined had me working on "obscure" java 1.3 for 5-10 year old windows mobile devices. i joined because they were going to be moving to android, but it never happened. only this past 1-2 years i got to work on some more interesting stuff. i've been learning stuff on my own time to make up for the lack of experience on the job. Nobody wants to hire a "senior" java developer who's done nothing but java 1.3 and AWT, you know?