Raising the corporate tax rate would target small and mid level corporations far more than massive corporations. The Amazons still wouldn't be paying much if anything in federal level taxes, while the LLC's would see their profits syphoned off twice (profits and again when they write themselves a paycheck and get hit with income tax).
This is one of those scenarios where the majority of the people who talk the loudest know the least. But here's a situational for you: Amazon logs $1 Billion in profits. You tax them 21%, gaining the government $210 million. Amazon then turns around and banks the rest, where it sits and does nothing for anyone. Alternatively, Amazon logs $1 Billion in profits which they invest in 20 new distribution hubs, where the next year, they're employing 20,000 new workers with an average salary (from lowest to highest, all included) of $50/hour. That means the income that next year is going to be $2.08 Billion, which can now be taxed at the income tax level. But the shit goes deeper. Those 20,000 new employees also need to eat lunch, buy groceries, get haircuts, etc. So figure those 20K jobs are spawning off yet ANOTHER 5K+ jobs as a consequence. Let's toss in another few hundred million taxable incomes. Now, a lot of numbers float around about "how much taxes does the average American pay" but nearly all those numbers are wrong AND misleading. The average American has to pay FICA, the employer matches FICA, and the employer has to pay Unemployment Insurance for each employee. These are all mandatory non-refundable taxes. THEN you have the "federal tax rate". The average of that tax rate tends to around 18% of income. But when you add in the FICA&Match, as well as UI, you're adding in another 15% or so per employee. So if you have a say $2.3 Billion payroll income pool, the government is going to take in closer to $760 Million worth of tax revenue while simultaneously increasing the economic output and purchasing power of an area (which can also have very positive impacts on the higher level housing/tech/vehicle purchases).
Suffice it to say, the reason Walmart pays a metric fuckton in Federal Taxes annually while Amazon pays next to nothing has everything to do with Walmart banking their profits, as opposed to Amazon's constant reinvestment. And due to Walmart's rather conservative fiscal policies, as opposed to the rampant expansionist policies of Amazon, also underscores why Amazon is winning at every level, and Walmart is losing. But from a purely numbers-based calculation, taxing personal income and incentivizing business reinvestment is a FAR more fiscally responsible taxing method than attempting to tax both the corporation AND the employee to death.