Does method overriding in java work with composition or only inheritance?

Method is overriden when it comes from extended class or implemented interface.
Composition is an entirely different thing, and it is somewhat an opposite of inheritance.

From past experience I don't think you'll read this, but it will help you to understand the question your're asking and the answer I'm going to give you: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_over_inheritance

I'd say a key part of composition is to avoid inheritance and thus overriding methods.

Is it really considered method overriding if you're implementing an interface? I'd say not really.

You're right, my inaccuracy - I was referring to "override" not strictly as a verb, but meant the "@Override" annotation (in terms of language).

Yes so if you're thinking about just using the @Override method sure you'll use it in both scenarios, but I think the idea of composition is to not override methods of a class (but you must override methods of an interface and that is fine because you're only writing the implementation once).