Many different ways to do it depending on the data.
Can create a php file which accepts a post and dumps it to a sql db (after validity checks and such). Another way is a XML RPC server in which you can setup a remote procedure call server which accepts XML formatted data, from there you can call on a remote function on a server with data to store it.
I love XML RPC for quick shit. You can pound out a client server protocol in a few hours. I made a hash brute forcing distribution server out of it along side with hashcat. The client would pole the server for the next range to brute force while keeping a keep alive packet going. If the client fails to keep alive the server assumes it is dead and readds its job to the list.
In ruby a XML RPC server is as simple as:
Code
require "xmlrpc/server"
server = XMLRPC::Server.new( 1234 )
server.add_handler('my_test.test') { |msg|"responce for #{msg}" }
server.serve
In which you define the server and the function handler as well as what the handler does with the data. In this case it sends back the data the client sent.
As for the client:
Code
require "xmlrpc/client"
client = XMLRPC::Client.new( "localhost", "/", 1234 )
s = client.call('my_test.test','asd')
puts s
You just connect to the server and call the remote function with any number of data sets you wish to send.
I am sure java and android would have something similar, it is a pretty popular protocol.