You've watched the games, you've seen the stats, you've heard the news: NFL teams are attempting and completing more passes. Three quarterbacks are on pace to break Dan Marino's single-season record for passing yards (5,084 in 1984). Aaron Rodgers throws another touchdown every time you blink.
Which raises the question: Where is all this extra passing yardage coming from?
There are two answers. This week, we'll look at deep throws, where there's an interesting missing link in the stats, and we'll keep you in suspense about the second reason until later in the season.
Best Downfield Passers through Week 10
Quarterback YPA TD INT QBR
Aaron Rodgers 29.5 7 1 100
Alex Smith 14.6 2 0 100
Tony Romo 24.1 6 1 99.9
Drew Brees 18.5 6 1 99.9
Kyle Orton 19 2 2 99.5
Eli Manning 15.2 6 2 99.3
Matthew Stafford 15.4 7 0 98.2
Matt Schaub 13.1 5 0 98
Ben Roethlisberger 13.6 5 2 97.9
Cam Newton 15.7 4 2 97.5
Best deep throwers
As teams keep opening up their passing games -- spread formations, three-receiver sets and pass-catching tight end tandems are practically de rigueur around the league these days -- quarterbacks are seizing the chance to bomb away. Last year, just one quarterback, Drew Brees, threw for more than 1,000 yards on passes of more than 20 yards. This year, five are on pace to do so: Brees, Eli Manning, Cam Newton, Rodgers and Tony Romo. Even more impressive, from 2008 to 2010, only one quarterback (Brees in 2009) completed more than 50 percent of his passes on deep throws, while this season alone, three (Brees, Rodgers and Romo) are connecting on more than half their throws of more than 20 yards.
Three things stand out about this rise in deep throwing. One is that it's pretty much confined to the above handful of passers. Overall, passing yardage is up by just 4.6 percent around the league (231.7 yards per team per game in 2011 versus 221.6 in 2010), because while several quarterbacks are having great years, a nearly offsetting batch are either having disturbing off seasons (Josh Freeman, Kevin Kolb, Philip Rivers) or enduring rocky times as midseason replacements (John Beck, Blaine Gabbert, Curtis Painter). By themselves, the five superbombers are on track to increase their deep yards by about 3,000 yards from last season (with Newton compared to Jimmy Clausen's 2010 stats), nearly 60 percent of all the yardage the entire league is on pace to add this year.
Further, I'm sure you've heard this in other contexts, but the numbers Rodgers is putting up are just ridiculous. Last year, Brees led the NFL with 16.5 yards per attempt on throws of more than 20 yards. This season, Rodgers is gaining 29.5 yards per attempt on deep throws. That's not a misprint: He's 17-of-25 (68 percent) for a whopping 738 yards when throwing downfield, with seven touchdowns and just one interception. Rodgers' QBR on deep throws: a perfect 100, essentially meaning he's better than anyone the system can simulate.
Finally, from the standpoint of doing what it takes to help teams win games (as opposed to just piling up gross yardage), most quarterbacks in the NFL are very effective at throwing deep. QBR tends to go up on long throws for reasons that are precisely the opposite of why it goes down in the red zone: When you're deep in your own territory, you have the most chance to gain expected points by amassing a big chunk of yardage with one bomb and less to lose if you happen to turn the ball over. Indeed, this year, starting quarterbacks have an average QBR of 57.3 on throws of 10 yards or fewer but 80.4 on throws of more than 20 yards. And half the quarterbacks in the league have a QBR of 92.2 or higher on deep throws, including guys who aren't otherwise lighting up the scoreboard, such as Matt Cassel, Joe Flacco and Tarvaris Jackson.
Worst Downfield Passers through Week 10
Quarterback YPA TD INT QBR
Mark Sanchez 7.3 1 3 6.8
John Beck 4.9 0 2 12.7
Donovan McNabb 7.7 1 0 39.1
Curtis Painter 9.9 1 2 39.7
Matt Ryan 7.1 1 0 43.1
Michael Vick 10.1 0 2 56.8
Matt Moore 8.7 1 3 63.3
Sam Bradford 10.6 1 1 69.6
Blaine Gabbert 7.9 2 1 76.3
Jason Campbell 9.4 1 2 78.9
Worst deep throwers
All of which means teams can win with a quarterback who isn't one of the very best in the league at throwing deep, but they will get killed if they don't have one who is at least adequate at throwing deep. The worst quarterbacks on deep throws this year include Mark Sanchez (QBR on passes of more than 20 yards: a hideous 6.8), Beck, Painter Sam Bradford and Gabbert, all of whom are hamstringing their teams and allowing defenses to focus on run-stuffing.
Also notable is Michael Vick, who is bombing away even more frequently than he did last year but has lost his magic touch to DeSean Jackson. Overall, he is killing the Eagles on long pass attempts, where he is just 9-of-34 for 10.1 yards per attempt, no touchdowns and two interceptions.
Brady is an exception
There is one, and only one, superstar quarterback who has put up huge numbers in 2011 without throwing deep too often or particularly well: Tom Brady (QBR this season: 75.5). Brady leads the NFL with 336.9 passing yards per game and is on pace for a record 5,390 yards (Brees has more total yards, but the Patriots have played one fewer game than the Saints.) But Brady is racking up yards by completing a lot of short and medium passes. For the season, Brady is just 9-of-33 on deep throws (27.3 percent), for 10.1 yards per attempt, one touchdown and one pick, while starting quarterbacks are averaging a 35 percent completion rate and 12.7 YPA. When was the last time Brady was below-average at anything?
Even when Brady decided to shake off a two-and-a-half-game mini-slump by taking to the air against the Jets, he annihilated Rex Ryan's crew with surgical strikes, not long-range bombs. In the second half against New York, Brady was 12-of-14 for 106 yards and two touchdowns on throws of 10 yards or fewer, while he didn't complete a single pass of more than 20 yards. (His QBR for the game: 88.6.)
Brady is actually throwing long more often this year (9.2 percent of attempts versus 7.7 percent in 2010), he's just not doing so as often as other teams or as effectively as he used to. Randy Moss is long departed. Brandon Tate, whose speed New England didn't appreciate properly, is gone, too. Receiving production by all of the Patriots' running backs is down sharply. And after a scorching start, Wes Welker has found shorter fields to work with in recent weeks. Unsurprisingly, Brady has responded by throwing much more often to his talented tight ends: Aaron Hernandez and Rob Gronkowski have combined for 126 TE targets, by far the most of any team in the league.
Considering the Patriots' remaining schedule, New England is in fine position to take control of the AFC East. But it's trying to do something no other team in the league is attempting this year: to win without even the threat of a downfield passing game. If opposing defenses have figured out how to render Welker effective but human, the Pats' continued success will hinge on whether their tight ends can keep exploiting matchups against overwhelmed linebackers and late-arriving safeties. So keep an eye on Brady in the next five weeks, when New England will play four of the league's 10 best teams at defending tight ends, including Kansas City (which has given up the ninth-fewest yards to tight ends), Philadelphia (fifth), Indianapolis (sixth; maybe the Colts will cover Gronkowski, because they sure won't cover the spread) and Denver (first). And watch out for a Patriots-Ravens matchup in the playoffs; Baltimore has surrendered just 322 yards to tight ends all year, and no touchdowns.
This year, we're seeing how hard it is to win if you can't throw deep. Brady is about to show us whether it's impossible.